Chapter 4 Political Dictionary

Prepared by a Student

1.Federalism- A form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and several local governments

2.Division of Powers-Basic principle of federalism: the constitution provisions by which governmental powers are divided on a geographic bases (in the United States, between the National Government and the States)

3.Delegated Powers-Those powers, expressed, implied, or inherent, granted to the National Government by the Constitution

4.Expressed Powers-Those delegated powers of the National Government that are spelled out, expressly, in the Constitution also called the “enumerated powers"

5.Implied Powers-Those delegate powers of the National Government that are suggested by the expressed powers: those “necessary and proper” to carry out the expressed: see delegated, expressed powers

6.Inherent Powers-Powers delegated to the National Government because it is the government of a sovereign state within the world community

7.Reserved Powers-Those powers that the Constitution does not grant to the National and does not, at the same time, deny to the states

8.Exclusive Powers- Those powers that can be exercised by the National Government alone

9.Concurrent Powers-Those powers that both the National Government and the States possess and exercise

10.Enabling act-A congressional act directing the people of a United States territory to frame a proposed State constitution as a step towards admission to the Union

11.Act Of Admission-A congressional act admitting a new State to the Union

12.Grant-in-aid program-Grants of federal money or other resources to States, cities, counties, and other local units

13.Revenue Sharing-Form of federal monetary aid under which Congress gave a share of federal tax revenue, with virtually no restrictions, to the States, cities, counties, and townships

14.Categorical Grant-One type of federal grants in aid: made for some specific, closely defined, purpose

15.Block Grant-One type of federal grants-in-aid for some particular but broadly defined are of public policy

16.Project Grant-One type of federal grant-in-aids: made for specific projects to States, localities, and private agencies who apply for them

17.Interstate Compact-formal agreement entered into the consent of congress, between or among the States, or between a State and a foreign State

18.Full Faith and Credit Clause-Constitution’s requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state

19.Extradition-the legal process by which a fugitive from justice in one State is returned to the State

20.Privileges and Immunities Clause-Constitution’s stipulation (Article IV Section 2) that all citizens are entitled to certain “privileges and immunities,” regardless of their State of residence” no State can draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and those person who happen to live in other States