Political Dictionary Chapter 8

 

Prepared by Peter Cretiu

 

  1. Public affairs: a catch-all term that includes public policy as well as public administration, both of which are closely related to and draw upon the fields of political science as well as economics. Significance: It is public information, command information, and community relations activities directed toward both the external and internal publics with interest.

 

  1.  Public Opinion: a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people; "he asked for a poll of public opinion" Significance: Public opinion is the aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs held by the adult population.

 

  1. Mass Media: Mass media are channels of communication through which messages flow, produced by a few for consumption by many people. As the messages go through the channels, they are distorted. When people receive mass-media messages, they have no opportunity for immediate feedback with the producers of the messages. Significance: It refers to those media that are designed to be consumed by large audiences of technology.

 

  1. Peer group: a subgroup of a society in which membership is determined by similar age, sharing the same social status, etc. Significance: A friendship group with common interests and position composed of individuals of similar age.

 

  1. Opinion Leader: Any person who, for any reason, has an unusually strong influence on the views of others. Significance: these people can be anyone from community leaders to church leaders and they influence the behavior of people around them.

 

  1. Mandate: a document giving an official instruction or command. Significance: mandate is the authority granted by an electorate to act as its representative

 

  1. Interest group: A group formed by its own individual members to attempt to influence business. Significance: Group discussion and sharing of information about a single topic

 

  1. Public opinion poll: They are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by asking a small number of people a series of questions and then extrapolating the answers to the larger group. Significance: Opinion polls are surveys of opinion using sampling

 

  1. Straw vote: an unofficial vote used to predict how an election might turn out. Significance: voting used unofficially to find out the outcome of an election

 

  1. Sample: a representative slice of the public. Significance: this sample is used in the polling process.          

  2. Random sample: a certain number or randomly selected people who live in a certain number of randomly selected places. Significance: It sample is the most unbiased sample that could be taken

 

  1. Quota sample: a sample deliberately constructed to reflect several of the major characteristics of a given population. Significance: specific characteristics that have been predetermined as representative of the target population.

 

  1. Medium: a means of communication. Significance: something which transmits information.

 

  1. Public agenda: the public issues on which the people’s attention is focused. Significance: the agenda of the people is based on the most influential issues

 

  1. Sound bite: A short section of an audio tape used in radio broadcast. Significance: a very short piece of footage taken from a longer speech or an interview in which someone with authority or the average "man on the street" says something which is considered by those who edit the speech or interview to be a most important point